Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects both children and adults. The condition is characterized by difficulty in concentrating, impulsive behavior, and hyperactivity. ADHD is typically treated with medications such as stimulants and non-stimulants. There have been recent developments in the field of ADHD treatment, so let’s delve into them.
Stimulants
Stimulants have been used to treat ADHD symptoms for decades. The drugs work by increasing the activity of the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. Recent developments in stimulant medication include the development of new types of stimulants and the creation of time-release formulas, which allow for a longer-lasting effect. One example of a new type of stimulant is lisdexamfetamine, which was approved by the FDA in 2007 and is marketed as Vyvanse. This medication is unique because it is a prodrug, which means that it is inactive until it is metabolized by the body. This allows for a smoother onset and longer duration of effect. Time-release formulations of stimulants are also becoming more common. These medications are designed to slowly release the drug over a period of several hours, providing steady symptom relief throughout the day.
Non-Stimulants
Non-stimulant medications are an alternative to stimulants for treating ADHD symptoms. These medications work by increasing the level of norepinephrine in the brain. While they are generally not as effective as stimulants, they can be useful in people who cannot tolerate or do not respond to stimulant medications. One new development in the field of non-stimulant medications is the FDA approval of viloxazine in 2021. Viloxazine is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) and has been used in Europe for many years. Early studies suggest that viloxazine may be effective in treating ADHD symptoms in both children and adults, but more research is needed to confirm these findings.
Novel Treatments
There are also new treatments being developed for ADHD that do not fit neatly into the categories of stimulants or non-stimulants. One of the most promising of these is transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). TMS is a non-invasive procedure that uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain. In one study, TMS was found to improve ADHD symptoms in both children and adults. While more research is needed to confirm these findings, TMS may offer a new and effective treatment option for people with ADHD.
Conclusion
ADHD is a common and often debilitating condition that affects both children and adults. While stimulants and non-stimulants have been the mainstay of treatment for decades, new developments in medication and treatment options are providing hope for people with ADHD. With ongoing research and development, we may one day have even more effective treatments for this condition. Want to keep exploring the subject? Click for additional information about this topic, we’ve selected this for your further reading.
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